The only potential explanation of the story in which Moses is almost killed by Yaweh I can concieve of is that it serves to emphasize the importance of the covenant of circumcision. Either Moses himself had not been circumcised and Yahweh, being conscious of this, was about to judge a sinner. Also, Moses' son at the time of this story had not been circumcised, and this may have been a neccessary requirement before Moses was to lead the Israelites out of Egypt. This is all speculation, but probably more satisfying than "God didn't recognize him in the dark."
The story of Lot offering his daughters up instead of the two visitors appears to be a re-telling of myth common to all cultures to spring up from the proto-Indo-European tradition, as well as the Egyptians. The motif of the divine visiting the mortal incognito is also common among the various mythologies prior to and after the Old Testament. The tale of Isis and the 7 Scorpions from Egyptian mythology comes to mind. In this particular myth Isis is disguised and traveling through the Town of Two Sisters. A wealthy nobleswoman sees them and shuts her door. A peasant girl then offers her home to Isis and her party. Long story short, the nobleswoman's son is stung by one of the scorpions, but Isis has mercy on him. The rich woman then gives all her money to the peasant girl and Isis. In Greek mythology there are many references to the "sacredness" of hospitality, such as the story of Demeter, the Furies being brought about by not obeying the laws of hospitality, and Zeus was a patron of hospitality. These Greek myths seem to derive from the earlier Sumerian Inanna (Akkadian Ishtar, mentioned in a previous post) and Enki. There is a theory that all of these myths ultimately derive from the proto-Indo-European religion mentioned earlier that involved sacred hospitality rites that are still present in some version in many religions.
This curious tale of Lot offering his innocent daughters to a gang of rapists is most likely the result of these cultural influences in tandem with the views of that time regarding both children and women as property.
It is also interesting that the serpent from Genesis is identified as Satan, but not until the book of Revelation. I came across that same verse when writing a previous post about the timeline of the fall according to passages in Genesis and Enoch. Judging from this, Satan could not have been the serpent. The reference to him as such likely comes from the many apocolyptic "serpent battle myths" from various cultural traditions by the time Revelation was written. An incomplete list includes: Ra vs. Apep in Egyptian mythology, Zeus vs. Typhon, Kronos vs. Ophion, Apollo vs. Python, Heracles vs. the Hydra and Ladon, Perseus vs. Ceto in Greek mythology; Indra vs. Vritra in Hindu mythology; Teshub vs. Illuyanka of Hittite mythology; Oraetaona, and later Keresaspa, vs. Azi Dahaka, and Ahura Mazda vs. Ahriman in Zoroastrianism and Persian mythology; Anu or Marduk vs. Tiamat in Mesopotamian mythology; Baal or El vs. Lotan or Yam-Nahar in Levantine mythology; even in Jewish mythology there is the pre-Satan evil serpent myth of Yahweh or Gabriel vs. Leviathan or Rahab or Tannin. Another interesting correletion is that in the closely related Levantine and Jewish mythologies the Levantine Lotan had 7 heads, as does Satan in revelation.
Hope this answered some of your questions.
